European Association of Urology Section of Urolithiasis and International Alliance of Urolithiasis Joint Consensus on Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy.

CONTEXT: Although percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) has been performed for decades and has gone through many refinements, there are still concerns regarding its more widespread utilization because of the long learning curve and the potential risk of severe complications. Many technical details are not included in the guidelines because of their nature and research protocol. OBJECTIVE: To achieve an expert consensus viewpoint on PCNL indications, preoperative patient preparation, surgical strategy, management and prevention of severe complications, postoperative management, and follow-up. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: An international panel of experts from the Urolithiasis Section of the European Association of Urology, International Alliance of Urolithiasis, and other urology associations was enrolled, and a prospectively conducted study, incorporating literature review, discussion on research gaps (RGs), and questionnaires and following data analysis, was performed to reach a consensus on PCNL. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: The expert panel consisted of 36 specialists in PCNL from 20 countries all around the world. A consensus on PCNL was developed. The expert panel was not as large as expected, and the discussion on RGs did not bring in more supportive evidence in the present consensus. CONCLUSIONS: Adequate preoperative preparation, especially elimination of urinary tract infection prior to PCNL, accurate puncture with guidance of fluoroscopy and/or ultrasonography or a combination, keeping a low intrarenal pressure, and shortening of operation time during PCNL are important technical requirements to ensure safety and efficiency in PCNL. PATIENT SUMMARY: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) has been a well-established procedure for the management of upper urinary tract stones. However, according to an expert panel consensus, core technical aspects, as well as the urologist's experience, are critical to the safety and effectiveness of PCNL.

ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON EMPLOYER ENTERPRISES AND PROPOSING SOLUTIONS ON POLICY AND LAW

A pandemia do COVID-19 teve um grande impacto em todos os setores socioeconômicos de um país, inclusive na questäo trabalhista corporativa. Este é considerado o conteúdo central que afeta diretamente a existencia e o desenvolvimento de um empreendimento, principalmente quando as relaçoes trabalhistas säo "congeladas" durante os surtos. Neste artigo, contribuimos com um tópico importante sobre o impacto da pandemia de covid 19 nas empresas e avallamos o sistema de políticas legais para apoiar as empresas a superar dificuldades. Em primeiro lugar, analisamos o conteúdo das limitaçoes e obstáculos que as empresas enfrentam na prática, como a manutençâo da produçâo e das atividades empresariais;problemas das empresas com salários devidos aos empregados e dificuldades no pagamento de juros bancários. Em segundo lugar, avaliamos a situaçâo atual do sistema de política legal sobre crédito, impostos, taxas e encargos;a questäo de que as empresas tem o direito de suspender o pagamento dos prémios de seguro social dos trabalhadores;a questäo do atraso no pagamento das contribuiçoes sindicais das empresas e o problema do apoio ao crédito para pagar os salários dos empregados. Em terceiro lugar, oferecemos soluçoes e recomendaçoes para melhorar a lei, potencializar de forma eficaz o apoio as empresas para superar os entraves no contexto da pandemia de Covid 19.Alternate :The COVID-19 pandemic has had a great impact on all socio-economic sectors of a country, including the issue of corporate labor. This is considered as the core content that directly affects the existence and development of an enterprise, especially when labor relations are "frozen" during the outbreaks. In this article, we contribute an important topic about the impact of the covid 19 pandemic on businesses and evaluate the legal policy system to support businesses to overcome hardship. First, we analyze the content of limitations and obstacles that enterprises practically confront such as the maintenance of production and business activities;problems of enterprises owed wages to employees, and difficulties in paying bank interest. Second, we assess the current status of the legal policy system on credit, tax, fee, and charge;the issue that enterprises have the right to suspend the payment of social insurance premiums for employees;the matter of delaying the payment of union dues of businesses and the problem of loan support to pay salaries for employees. Third, we offer solutions and recommendations to improve the law, enhance effectively the support for businesses to overcome hindrances in the context of the Covid 19 pandemic.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on College Students: An Online Survey

The COVID-19 pandemic, since its beginning in December 2019, has altered every aspect of human life. In Vietnam, the pandemic is in its fourth peak and is the most serious so far, putting Vietnam in the list of top 30 countries with the highest daily cases. In this paper, we wish to identify the magnitude of its impact on college students in Vietnam. As far as we’re concerned, college students belong to the most affected groups in the population, especially in big cities that have been hitting hard by the virus. We conducted an online survey from 31 May 2021 to 9 June 2021, asking students from four representative regions in Vietnam to describe how the pandemic has changed their lifestyle and studying environment, as well as their awareness, compliance, and psychological state. The collected answers were processed to eliminate unreliable ones then prepared for sentiment analysis. To analyze the relationship among the variables, we performed a variety of statistical tests, including Shapiro–Wilk, Mc Nemar, Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon, Kruskal–Wallis, and Pearson’s Chi-square tests. Among 1875 students who participated, many did not embrace online education. A total of 64.53% of them refused to think that online education would be the upcoming trend. During the pandemic, nearly one quarter of students were in a negative mood. About the same number showed signs of depression. We also observed that there were increasing patterns in sleeping time, body weight, and sedentary lifestyle. However, they maintained a positive attitude toward health protection and compliance with government regulations (65.81%). As far as we know, this is the first project to conduct such a large-scale survey analysis on students in Vietnam. The findings of the paper help us take notice of financial and mental needs and perspective issues for indigent students, which contributes to reducing the pandemic’s negative effects and going forwards to a better and more sustainable life.

SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in water and wastewater: A critical review about presence and concern.

The presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in water and wastewater has recently been reported. According to the updated literature, the stools and masks of the patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were considered as the primary route of coronavirus transmission into water and wastewater. Most coronavirus types which attack human (possible for SARS-CoV-2) are often inactivated rapidly in water (i.e., the survival of human coronavirus 229E in water being 7 day at 23 °C). However, the survival period of coronavirus in water environments strongly depends on temperature, property of water, concentration of suspended solids and organic matter, solution pH, and dose of disinfectant used. The World Health Organization has stated that the current disinfection process of drinking water could effectively inactivate most of the bacterial and viral communities present in water, especially SARS-CoV-2 (more sensitive to disinfectant like free chlorine). A recent study confirmed that SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in inflow wastewater (but not detected in outflow one). Although the existence of SARS-CoV-2 in water influents has been confirmed, an important question is whether it can survive or infect after the disinfection process of drinking water. To date, only one study confirmed that the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in water for people was null based on the absence of cytopathic effect (CPE) in infectivity tests. Therefore, further studies should focus on the survival of SARS-CoV-2 in water and wastewater under different operational conditions (i.e., temperature and water matrix) and whether the transmission from COVID-19-contaminated water to human is an emerging concern. Although paper-based devices have been suggested for detecting the traces of SARS-CoV-2 in water, the protocols and appropriate devices should be developed soon. Wastewater and sewage workers should follow the procedures for safety precaution against SARS-CoV-2 exposure.